> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://fengmuzi2003.gitbook.io/csapp3e/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://fengmuzi2003.gitbook.io/csapp3e/di-12-zhang-bing-fa-bian-cheng.md).

# 第12章：并发编程

## [视频解说](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1RK4y1R7Kf?p=12)

## 导读

处理器发展的趋势：多核时代早已到来！免费的午餐已经结束了！

参考文章（Herb Sutter）：[The Free Lunch Is Over: A Fundamental Turn Toward Concurrency in Software](http://www.gotw.ca/publications/concurrency-ddj.htm)

![](/files/-Mb_18hVbbEG2x_KH-n8)

多核处理器成为上述变革的主流解決方案，想要压榨出更多的处理器效能，软件必须跟上硬件的设计！

## 学习方式

[CMU教授的视频教程 - Lecture23：并发编程](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1a54y1k7YE?p=29)

[CMU教授的视频教程 - Lecture24：同步（基础）](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1a54y1k7YE?p=30)

[CMU教授的视频教程 - Lecture25：同步（进阶）](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1a54y1k7YE?p=31)

[CMU教授的视频教程 - Lecture26：线程级并行](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1a54y1k7YE?p=32)

## 重点解读

[【大佬讲座】谷歌大神 Rob Pike：并发 vs 并行 (傻傻分不清楚？)](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1EN411o7FY/)

Concurrency （并发）指程序架构，将程序拆成多个可独立运行的部分，不一定要同时运行，Parallelism（并行） 指程序执行，同时执行多个程序。

Concurrency 可能会用到 Parallelism，但不一定要用 Parallelism 才能实现 Concurrency。在 Concurrent 中，工作可拆分成「独立执行」的部份，于是「可以」让很多事情一起做，但「不一定」要真的同时做，参见下图。

![](/files/-Mb_8rPEKSwKYp6bHv-6)

以Rob Pike的地鼠烧书为例：1） 如何分割各个地鼠负责的工作， 2）各个地鼠如何进行高效的协调与沟通

![](/files/-Mb_FD1xMZ4FrgkZ_jnO)

那么我们究竟应该如何创建一个并行程序呢？以下流程图示取自CMU：15-418 并行计算架构与编程。

![](/files/-MbdwBz1e5u_auLO2PVN)

## 延伸阅读

* 卡内基梅隆大学：[并行计算架构与编程 (15-418 / 15-618)](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aa4y1s7EH/)
* 伊利诺伊大学：[异构并行编程（胡文美教授）- 重点讲解CUDA编程](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1z541137iG/)


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